Analysis of the legal system of knowledge-based companies in the light of the concept of economic development

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

• Jalil Ebrahimzadeh ¹
• Kheirollah Parvin ²
• Seyyed Javad Mirghasemi ³

¹ PhD student in Public Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

² Professor, Department of Public Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Public Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Highlights

Analysis of the legal system of knowledge-based companies in the light of the concept of economic development

Abstract

Policy-making is one of the important tools of the government's intervention in various fields, including the economic field. Today, development has different dimensions and economic development is one of its most important dimensions. On the other hand, in modern economic discourses, knowledge-based economy has been mentioned. A term that was first used by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and is based on the use of knowledge and technology in economic activities. One of the methods of applying knowledge-based economy is the use of knowledge-based companies in the structure of the economic system. In Iran, in the past decade, knowledge-based companies have grown significantly, but these companies need various support from the governing institutions to improve their performance.

The research method in this study is descriptive and analytical, and the library method was used to collect the sources. The results of this research show that the implementation of government support policies for knowledge-based companies in the long term has significant effects on the knowledge-based economy. Also, these companies play an important role in realizing economic independence and self-sufficiency, which is the subject of Article 43 of the Constitution. Despite the provision of some legal support for knowledge-based companies, there are legal and executive challenges in reaching the desired point.

Key words: economic development, government, knowledge-based company, policy-making, economic self-sufficiency.

Introduction

The issue of the government's role in the economy and the degree of dependence, growth, development, prosperity and prosperity of a society on the behavior, procedures and tendencies and policies of the government has been one of the most important topics in economics since its inception. . Among the wide range of existing views regarding the role of the government in the economy, there is a middle view that introduces the most important priority of the government in the economy to create institutional infrastructures. This kind of delineation of an important role for the government in developing countries is much more vital than in developed countries.

Development economics is a branch of economics that analyzes the process of resource allocation and economic transformation in less developed countries or underdeveloped regions and, in this way, gives practical recommendations to achieve progress and material well-being. . In simple terms, economic development is defined as economic growth along with qualitative changes and developments in material and livelihood life. (Nazhman, Eslami Far) Sustainable economic growth depends on technological progress and on the other hand, technology has a close connection with education. The implementation of development programs requires the use of trained personnel and specialized and educated people. The perspective of human capital considers the achievement of a high legacy of development in advanced countries to be due to education, especially higher education.

With nearly seventy years of planning experience (1393-1327), Iran is one of the first countries with development planning in the world, but despite this position and history, not only has it not achieved the conventional goals of economic growth and development, but Many other problems have also been created, in such a way that a group does not consider the existence of development programs to be necessary in general. Of course, experts have given various reasons for the country's development plans not being successful, one of which is problems in formulating goals or lack of faith in them. The most important economic goal of development programs is the growth and development of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Today, the high rate of growth of employment creation, sales, exports and capital of newly founded technology-oriented companies has put them in the focus of policymakers' attention in many countries of the world. For this reason, these companies are one of the sectors that benefit from the support of the tax system in various countries in order to support the innovation process and achieve and maintain the knowledge-based economy. The supporting role of the tax system is particularly important for knowledge-based companies that are formed for the purpose of synergizing knowledge and wealth, developing a knowledge-based economy, and realizing scientific and economic goals.

At least since the third development plan law, the government has paid attention to technological development and achieving a knowledge-based economy in Iran, and various measures for the technological development of the country from macro to executive levels and from laws and regulations to institution building have been formulated and approved. For example, it is possible to announce the country's general science and technology policy, compile the country's comprehensive scientific map document, the foreign direct investment law, the law on the maximum use of the country's production and service capacity, support for Iranian goods, and the establishment of science and technology parks. Technology and academic growth centers across the country pointed out. In addition to the necessity of allocating significant financial resources for the implementation of the law, the formulation of various regulations and instructions and the direct or indirect interaction of various departments of the country's administrative and scientific body with the subjects of this law, it has doubled its sensitivity and the need to evaluate He has made the law clear.

The major experience of the countries also shows that neither the market can always work efficiently and effectively, nor the government will help in the optimal allocation of resources by imposing restrictions on the market. Therefore, along with the effective, timely, necessary and as much government interventions, we can also benefit from the free market based on making economic activities competitive. In the meantime, what is important is the guidance and combination of this policy by the elite developmentist government, which will cause growth and development at the macro level of the country with all-round support for knowledge-based companies. One of the most important issues facing the government is the economic priority in the country's foreign policy with the aim of attracting knowledge and innovation from countries with technology and developing export markets, sending labor, recruiting professors and specialists for training and transferring technology to Iranian forces and trying to join the The World Trade Organization is based on the interests of the country. In general, the contribution of economic factors to the national security goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be well seen in the upstream documents such as the laws of the country's five-year economic, social and cultural development plan.

The main topic of this research is to investigate the impact of the government's support policies in improving the performance of knowledge-based companies, and the research hypothesis is based on the premise that the implementation of support policies will eventually lead to economic independence and self-sufficiency.

conclusion

The economic model of the constitution is "the model of providing basic needs" which seeks to meet the basic needs of man in the course of his growth and development. In this model, the economy is a means and is responsible for providing a suitable environment for the emergence of different human creativity. This model has placed numerous and extensive tasks on the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to meet the necessary needs for the continuation of the human evolutionary movement. The economic principles of the constitution are realized with the participation of the people.

Article 2 of the Constitution emphasizes the excellence of man. Principle 43 is more detailed than other principles; Because it emphasizes the independence of the country by providing the basic needs of people. Principle 44 also outlines and defines Iran's economic model, Iran's economy is neither capitalist in which the owners of capital have absolute power, nor socialist in which the government has absolute power. Based on this principle, the government should try to grow the cooperative sector. The private sector should not seek maximum profit and should complement the public and cooperative sector. If the private sector is allowed to operate freely and wants to earn maximum profit, capitalist relations will prevail in all spheres. Of course, the government should not be the absolute employer. The cooperative sector also shows the principle that one for all and all for one.

Article 43 of the Constitution primarily refers to the issue of providing the material and spiritual needs of all members of the society. This issue is consistent with the theory of endogenous development and the ancient aspirations of the Iranian people. In this principle, the provision of material and spiritual life needs is linked with the provision of economic independence and the provision of human working conditions in terms of work duration, work intensity and wage rate. In other words, in addition to work, salary earners should also have the opportunity and physical and mental strength necessary for "spiritual, political and social self-development and active participation in the country's leadership and increasing skills and initiative".

With such attributes, it can be concluded that for more success in the field of job creation, industries' reliance on modern technologies should be intensified and strengthened. By studying the experiences and patterns of developed countries, the fact is proven that the only way out of economic problems, even in other sectors such as exports, is directed to economy and knowledge-based production. Therefore, the development and underdevelopment of countries is related to their level of knowledge and any country that produces, distributes and uses more knowledge is considered developed. In order to develop a knowledge-based economy, we must create a high and appropriate economic and motivational system, and there should be the necessary motivation for activity and knowledge production, as well as the distribution and application of knowledge.

In line with the topic of this research, we suggest the following solutions to gain self-sufficiency and economic independence:

1. Creating a competitive platform between knowledge-based companies to achieve economic independence in the country
2. Appropriate government policies for innovation in the economy
3. Application of regulatory laws with the guarantee of heavy executions
4. Strengthening the private sector as much as possible
5. Creating a dynamic and efficient system of innovation and invention, consisting of companies, research centers and universities to obtain global knowledge and adapt it to local needs and create new technologies
6. Studying and benefiting from the experience of developed countries
7. Taking advantage of the appropriate and balanced consumption pattern with double effort and double work

Keywords

• Economic development
• government
• knowledge-based economy
• policy-making
• economic self-sufficiency

Main Subjects

• public Law